ThedatahasbeenreleasedbySDSNandextractedbyPromptCloudscustomwebcrawlingsolutionContextTheWorldHappinessReportisalandmarksurveyofthestateofglobalhappinessthatranks156countriesbyhowhappytheircitizensperceivethemselvestobeThisyearsWorldHappinessReportfocusesonhappinessandthecommunityhowhappinesshasevolvedoverthepastdozenyearswithafocusonthetechnologiessocialnormsconflictsandgovernmentpoliciesthathavedriventhosechangesContentWhatisDystopiaDystopiaisanimaginarycountrythathastheworldsleasthappypeopleThepurposeinestablishingDystopiaistohaveabenchmarkagainstwhichallcountriescanbefavorablycomparednocountryperformsmorepoorlythanDystopiaintermsofeachofthesixkeyvariablesthusallowingeachsubbartobeofpositiveorzeroinsixinstanceswidthThelowestscoresobservedforthesixkeyvariablesthereforecharacterizeDystopiaSincelifewouldbeveryunpleasantinacountrywiththeworldslowestincomeslowestlifeexpectancylowestgenerositymostcorruptionleastfreedomandleastsocialsupportitisreferredtoasDystopiaincontrasttoUtopiaWhataretheresidualsTheresidualsorunexplainedcomponentsdifferforeachcountryreflectingtheextenttowhichthesixvariableseitheroverorunderexplainaverage20162018lifeevaluationsTheseresidualshaveanaveragevalueofapproximatelyzerooverthewholesetofcountriesFigure27showstheaverageresidualforeachcountryiftheequationinTable21isappliedtoaverage20162018dataforthesixvariablesinthatcountryWecombinetheseresidualswiththeestimateforlifeevaluationsinDystopiasothatthecombinedbarwillalwayshavepositivevaluesAscanbeseeninFigure27althoughsomelifeevaluationresidualsarequitelargeoccasionallyexceedingonepointonthescalefrom0to10theyarealwaysmuchsmallerthanthecalculatedvalueinDystopiawheretheaveragelifeisratedat188onthe0to10scaleTable7oftheonlineStatisticalAppendix1forChapter2putstheDystopiaplusresidualblockattheleftsideandalsodrawstheDystopialinemakingiteasytocomparethesignsandsizesoftheresidualsindifferentcountriesWhydoweusethesesixfactorstoexplainlifeevaluationsThevariablesusedreflectwhathasbeenbroadlyfoundintheresearchliteraturetobeimportantinexplainingnationalleveldifferencesinlifeevaluationsSomeimportantvariablessuchasunemploymentorinequalitydonotappearbecausecomparableinternationaldataarenotyetavailableforthefullsampleofcountriesThevariablesareintendedtoillustrateimportantlinesofcorrelationratherthantoreflectcleancausalestimatessincesomeofthedataaredrawnfromthesamesurveysourcessomearecorrelatedwitheachotherorwithotherimportantfactorsforwhichwedonothavemeasuresandinseveralinstancestherearelikelytobetwowayrelationsbetweenlifeevaluationsandthechosenvariablesforexamplehealthypeopleareoverallhappierbutasChapter4intheWorldHappinessReport2013demonstratedhappierpeopleareoverallhealthierInStatisticalAppendix1ofWorldHappinessReport2018weassessedthepossibleimportanceofusingexplanatorydatafromthesamepeoplewhoselifeevaluationsarebeingexplainedWedidthisbyrandomlydividingthesamplesintotwogroupsandusingtheaveragevaluesforegfreedomgleanedfromonegrouptoexplainthelifeevaluationsoftheothergroupThisloweredtheeffectsbutonlyveryslightlyeg2to3assuringusthatusingdatafromthesameindividualsisnotseriouslyaffectingtheresultsDatasourcehttpworldhappinessreported2019MoresuchdatasetscanbedownloadedfromDataStock