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  • AzurePilot AzurePilot1 Images Machine Learning OpenML-CC18 OpenML100 study_1 study_123 study_14 study_34 study_37 study_41 study_7 study_70 study_76 study_98 study_99 uci
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Author: David J. Slate Source: [UCI](https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Letter+Recognition) - 01-01-1991 Please cite: P. W. Frey and D. J. Slate. "Letter Recognition Using Holland-style Adaptive Classifiers". Machine Learning 6(2), 1991 1. TITLE: Letter Image Recognition Data The objective is to identify each of a large number of black-and-white rectangular pixel displays as one of the 26 capital letters in the English alphabet. The character images were based on 20 different fonts and each letter within these 20 fonts was randomly distorted to produce a file of 20,000 unique stimuli. Each stimulus was converted into 16 primitive numerical attributes (statistical moments and edge counts) which were then scaled to fit into a range of integer values from 0 through 15. We typically train on the first 16000 items and then use the resulting model to predict the letter category for the remaining 4000. See the article cited above for more details.

17 features

class (target)nominal26 unique values
0 missing
x-boxnumeric16 unique values
0 missing
y-boxnumeric16 unique values
0 missing
widthnumeric16 unique values
0 missing
highnumeric16 unique values
0 missing
onpixnumeric16 unique values
0 missing
x-barnumeric16 unique values
0 missing
y-barnumeric16 unique values
0 missing
x2barnumeric16 unique values
0 missing
y2barnumeric16 unique values
0 missing
xybarnumeric16 unique values
0 missing
x2ybrnumeric16 unique values
0 missing
xy2brnumeric16 unique values
0 missing
x-egenumeric16 unique values
0 missing
xegvynumeric16 unique values
0 missing
y-egenumeric16 unique values
0 missing
yegvxnumeric16 unique values
0 missing

107 properties

20000
Number of instances (rows) of the dataset.
17
Number of attributes (columns) of the dataset.
26
Number of distinct values of the target attribute (if it is nominal).
0
Number of missing values in the dataset.
0
Number of instances with at least one value missing.
16
Number of numeric attributes.
1
Number of nominal attributes.
Second quartile (Median) of entropy among attributes.
0.2
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 2
0.84
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
0.06
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk
4.07
Percentage of instances belonging to the most frequent class.
2.27
Mean standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
Minimal entropy among attributes.
0.89
Second quartile (Median) of kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
0.79
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 2
4.7
Entropy of the target attribute values.
0.94
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk
813
Number of instances belonging to the most frequent class.
-0.42
Minimum kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
5.91
Second quartile (Median) of means among attributes of the numeric type.
0.95
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 3
0.66
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump
Maximum entropy among attributes.
3.05
Minimum of means among attributes of the numeric type.
Second quartile (Median) of mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
0.2
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 3
0.93
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump
2.08
Maximum kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
Minimal mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
0.25
Second quartile (Median) of skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
0.79
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 3
0.03
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump
8.34
Maximum of means among attributes of the numeric type.
26
The minimal number of distinct values among attributes of the nominal type.
0
Percentage of binary attributes.
2.29
Second quartile (Median) of standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
0.91
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 1
0
Number of attributes divided by the number of instances.
Maximum mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
-0.31
Minimum skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
0
Percentage of instances having missing values.
Third quartile of entropy among attributes.
0.18
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 1
Number of attributes needed to optimally describe the class (under the assumption of independence among attributes). Equals ClassEntropy divided by MeanMutualInformation.
26
The maximum number of distinct values among attributes of the nominal type.
1.55
Minimum standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
0
Percentage of missing values.
1.17
Third quartile of kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
0.04
Average class difference between consecutive instances.
0.82
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 1
0.94
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .00001
1.16
Maximum skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
3.67
Percentage of instances belonging to the least frequent class.
94.12
Percentage of numeric attributes.
7.73
Third quartile of means among attributes of the numeric type.
0.94
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
0.91
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 2
0.16
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .00001
3.3
Maximum standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
734
Number of instances belonging to the least frequent class.
5.88
Percentage of nominal attributes.
Third quartile of mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
0.15
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
0.18
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 2
0.83
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .00001
Average entropy of the attributes.
0.96
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes
First quartile of entropy among attributes.
0.65
Third quartile of skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
0.84
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
0.82
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 2
0.94
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .0001
0.7
Mean kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
0.36
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes
0.31
First quartile of kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
2.55
Third quartile of standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
0.94
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
0.91
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 3
0.16
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .0001
5.93
Mean of means among attributes of the numeric type.
0.63
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes
4.17
First quartile of means among attributes of the numeric type.
0.95
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 1
0.15
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
0.18
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 3
0.83
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .0001
Average mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
0
Number of binary attributes.
First quartile of mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
0.2
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 1
0.84
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
0.82
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 3
0.94
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .001
An estimate of the amount of irrelevant information in the attributes regarding the class. Equals (MeanAttributeEntropy - MeanMutualInformation) divided by MeanMutualInformation.
-0.14
First quartile of skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
0.79
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 1
0.94
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
0
Standard deviation of the number of distinct values among attributes of the nominal type.
0.16
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .001
26
Average number of distinct values among the attributes of the nominal type.
2.02
First quartile of standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
0.95
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 2
0.15
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
0.97
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk
0.83
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .001
0.29
Mean skewness among attributes of the numeric type.

134 tasks

35040 runs - estimation_procedure: 10-fold Crossvalidation - target_feature: class
260 runs - estimation_procedure: 5 times 2-fold Crossvalidation - target_feature: class
189 runs - estimation_procedure: 5 times 2-fold Crossvalidation - evaluation_measure: predictive_accuracy - target_feature: class
182 runs - estimation_procedure: 33% Holdout set - evaluation_measure: predictive_accuracy - target_feature: class
174 runs - estimation_procedure: 10 times 10-fold Crossvalidation - evaluation_measure: predictive_accuracy - target_feature: class
32 runs - estimation_procedure: 10-fold Crossvalidation - evaluation_measure: precision - target_feature: class
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 33% Holdout set - target_feature: class
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 4-fold Crossvalidation - target_feature: class
203 runs - estimation_procedure: 10-fold Learning Curve - evaluation_measure: predictive_accuracy - target_feature: class
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 10-fold Learning Curve - target_feature: class
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26 runs - estimation_procedure: Interleaved Test then Train - target_feature: class
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 50 times Clustering
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