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cps_85_wages

cps_85_wages

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Author: Source: Unknown - Date unknown Please cite: Determinants of Wages from the 1985 Current Population Survey Summary: The Current Population Survey (CPS) is used to supplement census information between census years. These data consist of a random sample of 534 persons from the CPS, with information on wages and other characteristics of the workers, including sex, number of years of education, years of work experience, occupational status, region of residence and union membership. We wish to determine (i) whether wages are related to these characteristics and (ii) whether there is a gender gap in wages. Based on residual plots, wages were log-transformed to stabilize the variance. Age and work experience were almost perfectly correlated (r=.98). Multiple regression of log wages against sex, age, years of education, work experience, union membership, southern residence, and occupational status showed that these covariates were related to wages (pooled F test, p < .0001). The effect of age was not significant after controlling for experience. Standardized residual plots showed no patterns, except for one large outlier with lower wages than expected. This was a male, with 22 years of experience and 12 years of education, in a management position, who lived in the north and was not a union member. Removing this person from the analysis did not substantially change the results, so that the final model included the entire sample. Adjusting for all other variables in the model, females earned 81% (75%, 88%) the wages of males (p < .0001). Wages increased 41% (28%, 56%) for every 5 additional years of education (p < .0001). They increased by 11% (7%, 14%) for every additional 10 years of experience (p < .0001). Union members were paid 23% (12%, 36%) more than non-union members (p < .0001). Northerns were paid 11% (2%, 20%) more than southerns (p =.016). Management and professional positions were paid most, and service and clerical positions were paid least (pooled F-test, p < .0001). Overall variance explained was R2 = .35. In summary, many factors describe the variations in wages: occupational status, years of experience, years of education, sex, union membership and region of residence. However, despite adjustment for all factors that were available, there still appeared to be a gender gap in wages. There is no readily available explanation for this gender gap. Authorization: Public Domain Reference: Berndt, ER. The Practice of Econometrics. 1991. NY: Addison-Wesley. Description: The datafile contains 534 observations on 11 variables sampled from the Current Population Survey of 1985. This data set demonstrates multiple regression, confounding, transformations, multicollinearity, categorical variables, ANOVA, pooled tests of significance, interactions and model building strategies. Variable names in order from left to right: EDUCATION: Number of years of education. SOUTH: Indicator variable for Southern Region (1=Person lives in South, 0=Person lives elsewhere). SEX: Indicator variable for sex (1=Female, 0=Male). EXPERIENCE: Number of years of work experience. UNION: Indicator variable for union membership (1=Union member, 0=Not union member). WAGE: Wage (dollars per hour). AGE: Age (years). RACE: Race (1=Other, 2=Hispanic, 3=White). OCCUPATION: Occupational category (1=Management, 2=Sales, 3=Clerical, 4=Service, 5=Professional, 6=Other). SECTOR: Sector (0=Other, 1=Manufacturing, 2=Construction). MARR: Marital Status (0=Unmarried, 1=Married) Therese Stukel Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center One Medical Center Dr. Lebanon, NH 03756 e-mail: stukel@dartmouth.edu Information about the dataset CLASSTYPE: numeric CLASSINDEX: none specific

11 features

WAGE (target)numeric238 unique values
0 missing
EDUCATIONnumeric17 unique values
0 missing
SOUTHnominal2 unique values
0 missing
SEXnominal2 unique values
0 missing
EXPERIENCEnumeric52 unique values
0 missing
UNIONnominal2 unique values
0 missing
AGEnumeric47 unique values
0 missing
RACEnominal3 unique values
0 missing
OCCUPATIONnominal6 unique values
0 missing
SECTORnominal3 unique values
0 missing
MARRnominal2 unique values
0 missing

107 properties

534
Number of instances (rows) of the dataset.
11
Number of attributes (columns) of the dataset.
0
Number of distinct values of the target attribute (if it is nominal).
0
Number of missing values in the dataset.
0
Number of instances with at least one value missing.
4
Number of numeric attributes.
7
Number of nominal attributes.
0.68
Mean skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
3.25
First quartile of standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 2
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .001
7.97
Mean standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
Second quartile (Median) of entropy among attributes.
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 2
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk
Percentage of instances belonging to the most frequent class.
Minimal entropy among attributes.
0.23
Second quartile (Median) of kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 2
Entropy of the target attribute values.
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk
Number of instances belonging to the most frequent class.
-0.58
Minimum kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
15.42
Second quartile (Median) of means among attributes of the numeric type.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 3
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump
Maximum entropy among attributes.
9.02
Minimum of means among attributes of the numeric type.
Second quartile (Median) of mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 3
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump
4.99
Maximum kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
Minimal mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
0.62
Second quartile (Median) of skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 3
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump
36.83
Maximum of means among attributes of the numeric type.
2
The minimal number of distinct values among attributes of the nominal type.
36.36
Percentage of binary attributes.
8.43
Second quartile (Median) of standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 1
0.02
Number of attributes divided by the number of instances.
Maximum mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
-0.2
Minimum skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
0
Percentage of instances having missing values.
Third quartile of entropy among attributes.
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 1
Number of attributes needed to optimally describe the class (under the assumption of independence among attributes). Equals ClassEntropy divided by MeanMutualInformation.
6
The maximum number of distinct values among attributes of the nominal type.
2.62
Minimum standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
0
Percentage of missing values.
3.95
Third quartile of kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
-3.8
Average class difference between consecutive instances.
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 1
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .00001
1.7
Maximum skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
Percentage of instances belonging to the least frequent class.
36.36
Percentage of numeric attributes.
32.08
Third quartile of means among attributes of the numeric type.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 2
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .00001
12.38
Maximum standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
Number of instances belonging to the least frequent class.
63.64
Percentage of nominal attributes.
Third quartile of mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 2
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .00001
Average entropy of the attributes.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes
First quartile of entropy among attributes.
1.44
Third quartile of skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.DecisionStump -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 2
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .0001
1.22
Mean kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes
-0.53
First quartile of kurtosis among attributes of the numeric type.
12.22
Third quartile of standard deviation of attributes of the numeric type.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 3
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .0001
19.17
Mean of means among attributes of the numeric type.
Average mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes
10.02
First quartile of means among attributes of the numeric type.
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 1
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 3
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .0001
An estimate of the amount of irrelevant information in the attributes regarding the class. Equals (MeanAttributeEntropy - MeanMutualInformation) divided by MeanMutualInformation.
4
Number of binary attributes.
First quartile of mutual information between the nominal attributes and the target attribute.
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 1
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.bayes.NaiveBayes -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.RandomTree -depth 3
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .001
2.86
Average number of distinct values among the attributes of the nominal type.
-0.02
First quartile of skewness among attributes of the numeric type.
Kappa coefficient achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.REPTree -L 1
Area Under the ROC Curve achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.lazy.IBk -E "weka.attributeSelection.CfsSubsetEval -P 1 -E 1" -S "weka.attributeSelection.BestFirst -D 1 -N 5" -W
1.46
Standard deviation of the number of distinct values among attributes of the nominal type.
Error rate achieved by the landmarker weka.classifiers.trees.J48 -C .001

14 tasks

2 runs - estimation_procedure: 10-fold Crossvalidation - evaluation_measure: mean_absolute_error - target_feature: WAGE
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 10 times 10-fold Crossvalidation - evaluation_measure: mean_absolute_error - target_feature: WAGE
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 33% Holdout set - target_feature: WAGE
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 50 times Clustering
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 50 times Clustering
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 50 times Clustering
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 50 times Clustering
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 50 times Clustering
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 50 times Clustering
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 50 times Clustering
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 50 times Clustering
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 50 times Clustering
0 runs - estimation_procedure: 50 times Clustering
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