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    "description": "**Author**: William H. Wolberg, W. Nick Street, Olvi L. Mangasarian    \r\n**Source**: [UCI](https:\/\/archive.ics.uci.edu\/ml\/datasets\/breast+cancer+wisconsin+(original)), [University of Wisconsin](http:\/\/pages.cs.wisc.edu\/~olvi\/uwmp\/cancer.html) - 1995  \r\n**Please cite**: [UCI](https:\/\/archive.ics.uci.edu\/ml\/citation_policy.html)     \r\n\r\n**Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) Data Set (WDBC).** Features are computed from a digitized image of a fine needle aspirate (FNA) of a breast mass. They describe characteristics of the cell nuclei present in the image. The target feature records the prognosis (benign (1) or malignant (2)). [Original data available here](ftp:\/\/ftp.cs.wisc.edu\/math-prog\/cpo-dataset\/machine-learn\/cancer\/) \r\n\r\nCurrent dataset was adapted to ARFF format from the UCI version. Sample code ID's were removed.  \r\n\r\n! Note that there is also a related Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Original) Data Set with a different set of features, better known as [breast-w](https:\/\/www.openml.org\/d\/15).\r\n\r\n\r\n### Feature description  \r\n\r\nTen real-valued features are computed for each of 3 cell nuclei, yielding a total of 30 descriptive features. See the papers below for more details on how they were computed. The 10 features (in order) are:  \r\n\r\na) radius (mean of distances from center to points on the perimeter)  \r\nb) texture (standard deviation of gray-scale values)  \r\nc) perimeter  \r\nd) area  \r\ne) smoothness (local variation in radius lengths)  \r\nf) compactness (perimeter^2 \/ area - 1.0)  \r\ng) concavity (severity of concave portions of the contour)  \r\nh) concave points (number of concave portions of the contour)  \r\ni) symmetry  \r\nj) fractal dimension (\"coastline approximation\" - 1)  \r\n\r\n### Relevant Papers   \r\n\r\nW.N. Street, W.H. Wolberg and O.L. Mangasarian. Nuclear feature extraction for breast tumor diagnosis. IS&T\/SPIE 1993 International Symposium on Electronic Imaging: Science and Technology, volume 1905, pages 861-870, San Jose, CA, 1993. \r\n\r\nO.L. Mangasarian, W.N. Street and W.H. Wolberg. Breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis via linear programming. Operations Research, 43(4), pages 570-577, July-August 1995.",
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